The length of the cervix can be measured by transvaginal ultrasound.Ĭlinical manifestations of preterm labor are more subtle than for term labor. The risk of spontaneous preterm birth increases as the length of the cervix decreases. In addition, alterations in maternal vaginal flora by pathogenic organisms (e.g., Chlamydia or Trichomonas organisms, bacterial vaginosis) are associated with preterm labor. Preterm labor, followed by preterm birth, has been associated with maternal anemia urinary tract infection cigarette smoking and use of alcohol, cocaine, and other substances, all of which are potentially avoidable risk factors. Increased risk factors include poor prenatal care infections, including periodontal (dental) infections nutritional status and sociodemographics (socioeconomic status, race, and lifestyle). Because epidemiologic data have shown some risk factors to be avoidable, there are some promising avenues for both prevention and treatment. The exact cause of preterm labor is unclear however, several risk factors are known. Cervical dilation more than 2.5 cm and 75% effaced.Documented uterine contractions every 5 to 10 minutes lasting for at least 30 seconds and persisting for more than 1 hour.Late preterm is between 34 and 36 completed weeks of gestation.Gestation between 20 and 37 weeks is considered preterm.Early prenatal care makes it possible for the woman to reduce or eliminate some risk factors that contribute to preterm labor. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010) goals is for 90% of all pregnant women to have prenatal care starting in the first trimester and to reduce preterm labor and delivery. Preterm birth has great significance for society because of the high rate of perinatal deaths and the excessive financial cost of caring for the preterm newborns. Preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes are the two most common factors that lead to preterm birth.
It occurs in approximately 12% of pregnancies and accounts for most perinatal deaths not resulting from congenital anomalies. Preterm labor is defined as the onset of labor between 20 and 37 weeks’ gestation. Nursing care is incorporated throughout the chapter. This chapter discusses high-risk intrapartum care. Health care providers must quickly and accurately identify the nature of the problems and intervene to reduce or limit detrimental effects on the mother and newborn. However, when complications occur during labor, they can have devastating effects on the maternal-fetal outcome.
Labor and birth usually progress with few problems.
#DEFINITION OF PRECIPITATE LABOUR TRIAL#
Trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) (p. Prolapsed umbilical cord (PRŌ-lăpst ŭm-BĬL-ĭ-kăl, p. Hypotonic uterine dysfunction (hī-pō-TŎN-ĭk, p. Hypertonic uterine dysfunction (hī-pĕr-TŎN-ĭk Ū-tĕr-ĭn, p. Discuss the rationale for vaginal birth after a prior cesarean birth.Īmnioinfusion (ăm-nē-ō-ĭn-FŪ-zhăn, p. Describe the preoperative and postoperative care of a woman who is undergoing a cesarean birth.Ģ2. Discuss five indications for a cesarean birth.Ģ1. List three potential complications of multifetal pregnancy.Ģ0. Describe umbilical cord prolapse, and state two associated potential complications.ġ9. Review the most common cause of rupture of the uterus during labor.ġ8. Define precipitate labor, and describe two nursing actions that should be taken to safeguard the baby.ġ7. List two indications for using forceps to deliver the fetus.ġ6. Describe three types of lacerations that can occur during the birth process.ġ4. Explain why an episiotomy is performed, and name two basic types of episiotomies.ġ3. Define and identify three common methods used to induce labor.ġ2. Explain the term cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD), and discuss the nursing management of CPD.ġ1.
List two potential complications of a breech birth.ġ0. Name and describe the three different types of breech presentation.ĩ. Differentiate between hypotonic and hypertonic uterine dysfunction.Ĩ. Identify two complications of premature rupture of membranes.ħ. Interpret the term premature rupture of membranes.Ħ. Explain why tocolytic agents are used in preterm labor.ĥ. Describe two major nursing assessments of a woman in preterm labor.Ĥ. Discuss four factors associated with preterm labor.ģ.
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